Metaphors and masculine language as breaking female stereotypes in dangdut songs lyrics with vulgar content
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51773/ajcd.v4i1.323Keywords:
female stereotypes, masculinity language, metaphors, song lyrics, vulgar contentAbstract
Masculine refers to a specific construction of masculinity that is targeted towards men. Men do not inherently possess masculine traits; instead, masculinity is moulded by cultural influences. The association of masculinity with gender stereotypes in Indonesia arises from a subjective misunderstanding of the qualities of a particular group. Song lyrics containing explicit content, particularly those portraying women in derogatory or overly sexualised ways, might contribute to the establishment and perpetuation of detrimental gender stereotypes. The objective of this study is to examine the manifestation of masculinity in the explicit lyrics of dangdut songs and explore their potential to challenge gender stereotypes associated with women. This study uses a content analysis methodology to deconstruct the symbolic significance of masculine language in music lyrics. Data is collected with songs picked based on three factors (kind of music, song words, and song aspect). The music included are dangdut songs, specifically the three most widely circulated songs in 2023. The selected song lyrics consist of words, phrases, and sentences employed in a vulgar manner. The utilised aspects pertain to masculine attributes, gender-based archetypes, explicit content in song lyrics, and metaphoric expressions. Data analysis procedures carried out using qualitative data analysis approaches might include flexibility. Dangdut employs explicit content as a means of challenging gender norms using a qualitative descriptive method. The research findings indicate that the filthy dangdut songs titled "Ngidam Pentol," "Becekin Adek Bang," and "Jagung Rebus" exhibit different expressions of feminine masculinity. These expressions can be observed through the symbolic significance of the song lyrics, specifically in the form of sulking due to unfulfilled ambitions. Women engage in sexual activity with males, therefore challenging the idea that women are meek, courteous, and well-behaved.
References
Achsani, F. (2019). Sastra dan masyarakat: fenomena ambyar pada lirik lagu Didi Kempot. ESTETIK : Jurnal Bahasa Indonesia, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.29240/estetik.v2i2.1192
Åkestam, N., Rosengren, S., Dahlén, M., Liljedal, K. T., & Berg, H. (2021). Gender stereotypes in advertising have negative cross-gender effects. European Journal of Marketing, 55(13). https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-02-2019-0125
Aprilia Susanti, S. S. (2021). Sexuality In Dangdut Lyrics: A Critical Discourse Analysis. Psychology and Education Journal, 58(1). https://doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.1268
Aurelia, A. W., Suprijadi, D., & Husnussalam, H. (2022). Personal and spatial deixis on the song lyrics of “Sunday Best” by Surfaces. PROJECT (Professional Journal of English Education), 5(2). https://doi.org/10.22460/project.v5i2.p262-266
Bermúdez-González, G., Sánchez-Teba, E. M., Benítez-Márquez, M. D., & Montiel-Chamizo, A. (2022). Generation Z young people’s perception of sexist female stereotypes about the product advertising in the food industry: Influence on their purchase intention. Foods, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11010053
Beverland, M. (2015). The viral marketing metaphor explored through Vegemite. Marketing Intelligence and Planning, 33(5), 656–674. https://doi.org/10.1108/MIP-08-2014-0146
Bucholtz, M. (2014). The Feminist Foundations of Language, Gender, and Sexuality Research. The Handbook of Language, Gender, and Sexuality: Second Edition, 21–47. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118584248.ch1
Butiurca, D. (2021). Metaphors of Globalization. Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.2478/ausp-2021-0030
Chopra, R. (2006). Invisible men: Masculinity, sexuality, and male domestic labor. Men and Masculinities, 9(2), 152–167. https://doi.org/10.1177/1097184X06287766
Cleland, J. (2018). Sexuality, masculinity and homophobia in association football: An empirical overview of a changing cultural context. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 53(4), 411–423. https://doi.org/10.1177/1012690216663189
Crocco, M. S. (2010). Gender and sexuality in the social studies. Handbook of Research in Social Studies Education, 172–196. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203930229-21
Daryanto, A. P., Setyaji, A., & Prastikawati, E. F. (2022). Interpersonal meaning analysis of The Weeknd song lyrics in After Hours’ album. International Journal of Research in Education, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.26877/ijre.v2i2.11727
Del Barrio, M. Y. F. (2023). The representation of women in Japanese television advertising. A content analysis of female roles and stereotypes. Doxa Comunicacion, 2023(36). https://doi.org/10.31921/doxacom.n36a1731
Drenten, J. (2020). Sexualized labour in digital culture: Instagram influencers, porn chic and the monetization of attention. Gender, Work and Organization, 27(1), 41–66. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12354
Egorova, A. I., Kondakova, A. P., & Kuzhuget, M. A. (2020). Gender stereotypes in Tuvan proverbs and sayings. New Research of Tuva, 1. https://doi.org/10.25178/nit.2020.1.2
Ey, L. a. (2017). Sexualised media and critical media literacy: a review of the Australian and the United States primary school curriculum frameworks. Curriculum Perspectives, 37(2), 109–119. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41297-016-0006-2
Fajriati, T. N., Abidin, Y., & Yulianeta, Y. (2018). Representasi Nilai-Nilai Budaya NTT dalam Novel Anak Mata di Tanah Melus Karya Okky Madasari. Seminar Internasional Riksa Bahasa, 799–808.
Fauza, M. R., Baiduri, B., Inganah, S., Sugianto, R., & Darmayanti, R. (2023). Urgensi Kebutuhan Komik: Desain Pengembangan Media Matematika Berwawasan Kearifan Lokal di Medan. Delta-Phi: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 1(2), 130–146.
Ferro, M. D., Lopes, E., Afonso, M., Peixe, A., Rodrigues, F. M., & Duarte, M. F. (2020). Phenolic profile characterization of “galega vulgar” and “cobrancosa” portuguese olive cultivars along the ripening stages. Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 10(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/app10113930
Galloso-Camacho, M. V., & Alonso-López, C. (2019). The reading of female stereotypes in Anticípolis by Luis De Oteyza. OCNOS, 18(3). https://doi.org/10.18239/ocnos_2019.18.3.2061
Giddens, A. (2013). The transformation of intimacy: Sexuality, love and eroticism in modern societies. books.google.com. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=ZvIdUf9o7OUC&oi=fnd&pg=PT4&dq=loose+part&ots=BSYOZKJffI&sig=q17hiLVWLp0RDmH_vZ-Qb7weydk
Haanurat, A. I., Vedianty, A. S. A., & Tollentino, S. A. (2024). Instagram’s impact on sharia economic law literacy in the digital age and Indonesia’s sharia economy strengthening. Revenue Journal: Management and Entrepreneurship, 2.
Haberland, N. (2015). Sexuality education: Emerging trends in evidence and practice. Journal of Adolescent Health, 56(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.08.013
Hartini, R., Argiatmoko, W., Malik, M. F. J., Putra, A. D. H., & Putra, M. H. F. A. (2023). Executorial principles in international arbitration awards in the Indonesian legal system. AMCA Journal of Community Development, 2, 65–70.
Hasanudin, C., Fitrinaingsih, A., Rosyida, F., & ... (2021). Pelatihan Menulis Artikel untuk Jurnal Nasional Terakreditasi dan Mengirim Melalui Open Journal System (OJS). Indonesian Journal …. http://ijocs.rcipublisher.org/index.php/ijocs/article/view/119
Helmi, A., Utari, W., Luthifah, A., Putri, A. Y., & Barus, F. L. (2020). Metafora dalam Lirik Lagu “Mendarah” oleh Nadin Amizah. In Journal LINGUA SUSASTRA (Vol. 2, Issue 1).
Hendarto, T., Safitri, N. D., & Dhakal, A. (2023). Does TQM affect Indonesian food sector production efficiently? Revenue Journal: Management and Entrepreneurship, 1.
Herman, H., Lumbantobing, D. S., & Sinurat, B. (2021). An analysis of figurative language in Michael Jackson song lyrics. Edu-Ling: Journal of English Education and Linguistics, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.32663/edu-ling.v4i2.1728
Huang, C. (2022). Metaphor Analysis in Political Discourse Based on Discourse Dynamics Framework for Metaphor: A Case Study*. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1201.11
Husain, W. (2022). Sexually assertive content in English, Urdu, and Punjabi songs from 1970 till 2019. Journal of Poetry Therapy, 35(4), 219–230. https://doi.org/10.1080/08893675.2022.2113278
Idham, I. (2020). Makna tematik dalam lirik lagu karya Ebiet G Ade sebuah tinjauan stilistika. Widyabastra : Jurnal Ilmiah Pembelajaran Bahasa Dan Sastra Indonesia, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.25273/widyabastra.v8i2.8114
Ijem, B. U., & Agbo, I. I. (2022). Challenging the status Quo in a patriarchal World: A critical linguistic appraisal of masculine framing in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s half of a Yellow Sun. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 13(4). https://doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1304.05
Kargapolova, E. V., Malkova, S. A., Vershkova, Y. I., & Glinko, O. S. (2022). The popular song in the socio-cultural space of modern Russia: transformation of codes and meanings (based on content analysis materials). Siberian Socium, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.21684/2587-8484-2022-6-2-42-53
Kholifah, N., & Rolando, D. M. (2021a). Stereotipe perempuan dakwah ustadz Abdul Somad: perspektif representasi. AL-IDZAAH: Jurnal Dakwah Dan Komunikasi, 2(02). https://doi.org/10.24127/al-idzaah.v2i02.649
Kholifah, N., & Rolando, D. M. (2021b). STEREOTIPE PEREMPUAN DAKWAH USTADZ ABDUL SOMAD: PERSPEKTIF REPRESENTASI. AL-IDZAAH: Jurnal Dakwah Dan Komunikasi, 2(02). https://doi.org/10.24127/al-idzaah.v2i02.649
Khraban, T. (2021). Positive effects of female stereotypes functioning (illustrated by the case of the Ukrainian miliatary non-institutional discourse). Psycholinguistics in a Modern World, 16. https://doi.org/10.31470/10.31470/2706-7904-2021-16-303-307
Khraban, T., & Silko, O. (2021). Psycholinguistics approach to study of female stereotypes in the armed forces of Ukraine. American Journal of Applied Psychology, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajap.20211002.12
Kulich, C., Gartzia, L., Komarraju, M., & Aelenei, C. (2021). Contextualizing the think crisis-think female stereotype in explaining the glass cliff: Gendered traits, gender, and type of crisis. PLoS ONE, 16(3 March). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246576
Kusumaningsih, D., Darmayanti, R., & Latipun, L. (2024). Mendeley Software improves students’ scientific writing: Mentorship and training. Jurnal Inovasi Dan Pengembangan Hasil Pengabdian Masyarakat, 2(1).
Kusumaningsih, D., Santosa, R., & Edi Subroto, D. (n.d.). Pedagogical Values in Indonesian Lyrics of Dangdut Songs: Evidences of Language Vulgarism and Gender Exploitation. In www.jsser.org Journal of Social Studies Education Research SosyalBilgilerEğitimiAraştırmalarıDergisi (Vol. 2019, Issue 10). www.jsser.org
Kusumaningsih, D., Santosa, R., & Edi Subroto, D. (2019a). Nilai-nilai pedagogis dalam lirik lagu dangdut Indonesia: Bukti vulgarisme bahasa dan eksploitasi gender. Penelitian Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial, 3, 311–331. www.jsser.org
Kusumaningsih, D., Santosa, R., & Edi Subroto, D. (2019b). Nilai-nilai pedagogis dalam lirik lagu dangdut Indonesia: Bukti vulgarisme bahasa dan eksploitasi gender. Penelitian Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial, 3, 311–331. www.jsser.org
Kusumaningsih, D., Santosa, R., & Edi Subroto, D. (2019c). Pedagogical values in Indonesian lyrics of dangdut songs: evidences of language vulgarism and gender exploitation. Journal of Social Studies Education Research SosyalBilgilerEğitimiAraştırmalarıDergisi, 3(10), 311–331. www.jsser.org
Kusumaningsih, D., Santosa, R., & Subroto, D. E. (2018a). “Kesaktianmu” an Expression of Language Beauty with the Content of Infidelity in a Popular Love Song Study of Language Creativity and Sexism.
Kusumaningsih, D., Santosa, R., & Subroto, H. D. E. (2018b). Vulgar and Obscene Terms in Indonesian Song Lyrics (The Reflection Language Creativity).
Kusumaningsih, D., Sudiatmi, T., & Muryati, S. (2013). Pengidonesiaan Kata Dan Ungkapan Asing Pada Nama Badan Usaha, Kawasan, Dan Gedung. Jurnal Pendidikan, 22(3), 267–286.
Kusumaningsih, D., Sudiatmi, T., Muryati, S., & Maharani, P. (2019). Language and Morality: A Case Study on Vulgar Contents in Song Lyrics Prohibited by KPID West Java.
Kusumaningsih, D., Wibawa, S. A., & Lestari, J. T. (2024). Mengapa guru bahasa Inggris mengajar bahasa Indonesia? Pendapat siswa EFL tentang bahasa Indonesia di kelas bahasa Inggris. Jurnal Penelitian Tindakan Kelas, 3.
Laila, A. R. N., In’am, A., & Darmayanti, R. (2022). AKM content: developing a mathematical problem-solving test based on Islamic context at MTs. AMCA Journal of Religion and Society, 2(1).
Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (2020). Conceptual metaphor in everyday language. Shaping Entrepreneurship Research. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315161921-21
Lestari, D., & Wirdanengsih, W. (2020). Stereotipe terhadap perempuan penyandang disabilitas di kota Padang ( studi pada perempuan penyandang disabilitas daksa di DPC PPDI kota Padang). Jurnal Perspektif, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.24036/perspektif.v3i2.249
López Maestre, M. D. (2020). Gender, ideology and conceptual metaphors: Women and the source domain of the hunt. Complutense Journal of English Studies, 28. https://doi.org/10.5209/cjes.68355
Lubis, M., Solehudin, R. H., & Safitri, N. D. (2024). Seberapa “pengaruh†media, fasilitas, dan minat belajar terhadap hasil belajar ekonomi siswa? Jurnal Penelitian Tindakan Kelas, 3.
Maherani, V., Yulianeta, Y., Idris, N. S., & Ismail, N. H. (2023). Materi Budaya Indonesia sebagai Kebutuhan Pemelajar BIPA dalam Program Immersion. Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, Dan Pengembangan, 8(7).
Makwana, G., & Elizabeth, H. (2022). The concept of socio-educational intervention in social pedagogy, community development, and services. AMCA Journal of Community Development, 2, 75–79.
Mansur, S. (n.d.). Representasi nilai-nilai maskulinitas pemimpin keluarga dalam film Cinta Laki-Laki Biasa karya Guntur Soeharjanto.
Mao, R. (2018). Word embedding and wordnet based metaphor identification and interpretation. ACL 2018 - 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Proceedings of the Conference (Long Papers), 1, 1222–1231. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p18-1113
Martin-Sanchez, D., Hernandez-Herrarte, M., & Fernandez-Ramos, M. Y. (2020). Non-verbal language as a constructive element of female stereotypes in the situation comedy Modern Family. Revista Mediterranea de Comunicacion, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.14198/MEDCOM2020.11.2.10
Montes, A. (2021). Gender stereotyping and retro-sexism in advertising discourse from a postfeminist perspective. Feminismo/s, 38. https://doi.org/10.14198/fem.2021.38.07
Nardon, L., & Hari, A. (2021). Sensemaking Through Metaphors: The Role of Imaginative Metaphor Elicitation in Constructing New Understandings. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 20. https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069211019589
Nasoichah, C., & Mulyadi, M. (2019). Idiom dan metafora pada lirik lagu “Jaran Goyang” (Idioms and metaphors in song lyrics of “Jaran Goyang”). Metalingua: Jurnal Penelitian Bahasa, 17(2). https://doi.org/10.26499/metalingua.v17i2.360
Ondara Ntabo, V., Ogola Onyango, J., & Ng’arua Ndiritu, N. (2022). The Value of conceptual mental spaces in structuring a man as (endagera) food in ekegusii. Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.13n.1.p.7
Osman, M., & Jalaluddin, N. H. (2014). Social criticism via myths and metaphors: an Ad-hoc analysis. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 118, 265–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.02.036
Plummer, K. (2003). Queers, bodies and postmodern sexualities: A note on revisiting the “sexual” in symbolic interactionism. Qualitative Sociology. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:QUAS.0000005055.16811.1c
Ponzetti, J. J. (2015). Evidence-based approaches to sexuality education: A global perspective. Evidence-Based Approaches to Sexuality Education: A Global Perspective, 359–384. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315755250
Prayogi, I., & Oktavianti, I. N. (n.d.). Mengenal metafora dan metafora konseptual.
Radzi, N. S. M., Bakar, K. A., & Hamid, B. D. H. A. (2021). Negotiating iternative masculinities in men’s magazines: Transitivity in the formation of counter hegemonic identities. GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies, 21(2). https://doi.org/10.17576/gema-2021-2102-08
Reinhardt, J., & Thorne, S. (2016). Metaphors for digital games and language learning. The Routledge Handbook of Language …. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=7tKjCwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA415&dq=digital+games&ots=-YCPlhzgjh&sig=at1Y1iSY1k6PmZHI3XKz3s-8jlU
Rezvan, M., Shekarpour, S., Alshargi, F., Thirunarayan, K., Shalin, V. L., & Sheth, A. (2020). Analyzing and learning the language for different types of harassment. PLoS ONE, 15(3). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227330
Ridhani, H. A., & Wati, R. (2021). KONTEN KRIMINALITAS DAN EROTISME YANG BERBALUT SASTRA DALAM CYBER. Literasi : Jurnal Bahasa Dan Sastra Indonesia Serta Pembelajarannya, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.25157/literasi.v5i2.4633
Rifqy Rais, H. M., Antariskia, C., & Imanda, M. R. (2021). Representasi lelaki ideal dalam iklan Djarum 76 versi pengen ganteng tahun 2010. Jurnal Audiens, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.18196/jas.v3i1.11793
Rizky, P. P., & Sangadji, E. M. (2023). Achievement, income, and work expectations: How do the three influence high school students’ interest in continuing their education at higher eduction? AMCA Journal of Community Development, 2, 77–80.
Rizqi, P. A. D., Darmayanti, R., Sugianto, R., Choirudin, C., & Muhammad, I. (2023). Problem Solving Analysis Through Tests in View Of Student Learning Achievement. Indonesian Journal of Learning and Educational Studies, 1(1), 53–63.
Rosalina, S., Nurhadi, N., & Yuhastina, Y. (2021). Stereotypes against female online ojek drivers in Surakarta. HUMANISMA : Journal of Gender Studies, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.30983/humanisme.v5i1.4190
Ross Gordon, A., & Djonler, S. A. (2019). Oral traditions in cryptic song lyrics continuous cultural revitalization in Batuley. Wacana, 20(3). https://doi.org/10.17510/wacana.v20i3.757
Saputri, W. S. (2021). An analysis of slang language in song lyrics “Used” by Avril Lavigne. Journal of English Language Teaching and Literature (JELTL), 4(2). https://doi.org/10.47080/jeltl.v4i2.1338
Saragih, D. Y. (2021). An analysis of metaphor in Batak Toba song lyrics (mother love’s theme). Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v4i2.1889
Sardinha, L. (2022). Global, regional, and national prevalence estimates of physical or sexual, or both, intimate partner violence against women in 2018. The Lancet, 399(10327), 803–813. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02664-7
Sastromiharjo, A. (2011). Mendedah pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia pada era global. Dalam Wiyanti, Sri &Yulianeta (Editor), Bahasa &Sastra Indonesia Di Tengah ….
Sazzed, S. (2021a). Identifying vulgarity in Bengali social media textual content. PeerJ Computer Science, 7. https://doi.org/10.7717/PEERJ-CS.665
Sazzed, S. (2021b). Identifying vulgarity in Bengali social media textual content. PeerJ Computer Science, 7. https://doi.org/10.7717/PEERJ-CS.665
Schabas, A. (2023). Game-Based Science Learning: What are the Problems with Teachers Practicing It in Class? Assyfa Learning Journal, 2, 89–103.
Sembiring, H., Br, S. U., & Yulianeta, Y. (2020). Kajian Bandingan Nilai-Nilai Budaya dalam Cerita Rakyat Timun Mas dan Momotaro serta Implikasinya sebagai Bahan Ajar BIPA Penutur Jepang Tingkat Menengah. Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia.
Sinaga, Y C, dkk. (2021). Analisis makna denotasi dan konotasi pada lirik lagu “Celengan Rindu” karya Fiersa Besari. Jurnal Metabasa, 2(1), 38–50.
Steriopolo, O. (2021). Grammatical gender reversals: A morphosyntactic and sociopragmatic analysis. Open Linguistics, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1515/opli-2021-0008
Suharsiwi, S., Lestari, J. T., & Karim, S. (2023). Islamic content-based learning: Kindergarten illustrated narrative song" Lulu and Tom". Assyfa Journal of Islamic Studies, 1(1).
Tarnai, B. (2008). Social stories for sexuality education for persons with autism/pervasive developmental disorder. Sexuality and Disability, 26(1), 29–36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11195-007-9067-3
Vodenicharov, P. (2021). On sex, gender and sexism in the Bulgarian culture and language. Ezikov Svyat, 19(2). https://doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v19i2.4
Wahyuda, H. (2022). Metaphor found in Coldplay’s selected song lyrics. IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.24256/ideas.v10i1.2734
Waloyo, A. A., Prastiyowati, S., & Pahlevi, N. R. (2021). The use of internet-based dictionary in reading activity for English language education department students. AMCA Journal of Education and Behavioral Change, 2, 29–36.
Wati, R. I., Suharsiwi, S., & Sah, R. W. A. (2023). Siswa sekolah dasar menggunakan game “new family 100” untuk mengembangkan vocabulary, bagaimana kegiatan implementasinya? Jurnal Penelitian Tindakan Kelas, 1(2).
Williams, S. (2011). Bright Star of the West: Joe Heaney, Irish Song Man. Bright Star of the West: Joe Heaney, Irish Song Man, 1–264. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195321180.001.00
Yermolenko, S., & Siroshtan, T. (2020). Gender issue in the Ukrainian language teaching techniques. Journal of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.15330/jpnu.7.1.81-92
Yulianeta, Y., Faisol, M., & Gilani, H. S. A. (2024). Viral Social Media: Learning via Social Media. Edutechnium Journal of Educational Technology, 2(1).
Yulianeta, Y., Faisol, M., & Hazarika, A. (2024). Apakah penggunaan role play sebagai salah satu metode untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berbicara siswa efektif? Jurnal Penelitian Tindakan Kelas, 3.
Yulianeta, Y., Soeratno, S. C., & Kusharyanto, J. (2016). Representation of gender ideology in Indonesia novels: a study of the reformation era novel. Lingua Cultura, 10(1), 31–36.
Zhu, L., Ang, L. H., & Mansor, N. S. (2023). Manipulation of female stereotypes in Chinese translations of fragrance product descriptions. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1301.26
Хачмафова, З. Р., & Таценко, М. С. (2022). Actualization of the concepts of and in the art picture of the World: Cognitive frame approach. Вестник Адыгейского Государственного Университета, Серия «Филология и Искусствоведение», 3(282). https://doi.org/10.53598/2410-3489-2021-3-282-89-96
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Dewi Kusumaningsih, Malika Dhita Shalaika, Farida Nugrahani, Jimat Susilo
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
